Pathology - Disease processes, symptoms, diagnosis

Q1: A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia has an enlarged prostate gland causing urinary obstruction. This has led to increased pressure in the bladder, and now the bladder wall is significantly thickened. The smooth muscle cells of the bladder wall have undergone what adaptive change?

Q2: The {{1}} branch of pathology examines tissues and organs, while the {{2}} branch analyzes body fluids and cells.

Q3: During a myocardial infarction, within what timeframe does irreversible myocardial injury typically begin if blood flow is not restored?

Q4: During acute inflammation, {{1}} cells release {{2}}, which causes immediate vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

Q5: Which cardiac biomarker rises earliest after myocardial infarction but is the least specific for cardiac injury?